| Keyword |
Description |
| Pleistocene |
The geological epoch of repeated ice ages |
| Paleogenomics |
Ancient DNA analyses revealing evolutionary relationships |
| Population structure |
Genetic patterns distinguishing regional mammoth populations |
During the construction of a new airport near Mexico City, crews uncovered a vast Ice Age site with over 70,000 fossils, including remains from at least 500 Columbian mammoths alongside camels, horses, giant ground sloths, wolves, and deer. Columbian mammoths, larger than woolly mammoths from colder regions, could reach about 4 meters in height and weigh up to 12 tons, offering a powerful window into Pleistocene ecosystems of central Mexico. Archaeologists and biologists documented and safeguarded the area so systematic research could proceed without destroying evidence.
A UNAM team micro-drilled mammoth teeth and recovered DNA—genetic instructions that reveal ancestry, population structure, and adaptation.
Despite warm conditions that usually degrade DNA, more than 80% of sampled teeth still contained recoverable genetic material, enabling the first genetic study of tropical mammoths. Early results indicate the Basin of Mexico population was distinct from northern groups, and the male–female mix suggests family herds rather than isolated individuals. The project, published in Science, united many Mexican experts and two persistent college students, and researchers are now sequencing DNA from horses, camels, bison, and deer found at the site to reconstruct a fuller Ice Age community.
Bridging words
These words sound similar in English and Spanish: Why not practice them now?
| English |
Spanish |
| Giant |
Gigante |
| Biologist |
Biólogo |
| Population |
Población |
Time to discuss
- What specific evidence supports the idea of family herds at this site, and what alternative explanations exist?
- How do DNA data change or strengthen inferences drawn from bones and tools alone?
- What responsibilities do builders and scientists have when cultural or scientific resources are uncovered?
Let's write
Answer the following questions in one paragraph:
- Explain how this study follows the scientific process from field discovery to peer-reviewed publication.
- Argue a policy for protecting archaeological sites during major construction, using this case as evidence.
